THE EFFECT OF TEACHER MOTIVATION, COMPENSATION, AND WORKLOAD ON TURNOVER INTENTION THROUGH JOB SATISFACTION AS A MEDIATING VARIABLE
Abstract
This study aims to determine and analyze the effect of motivation, compensation and workload on turnover intention with job satisfaction as an intervening variable for Non-Permanent Teachers at SMA Negeri 1 Sinunukan, Mandailing Natal, North Sumatra. This research uses a causal research method with a quantitative approach. Forty teachers made up the total population of the research sample, which was selected using a saturation sampling technique and non-probability sampling. approaches for gathering data that are tested for validity and reliability utilizing interviews and questionnaires. Analyzing data using SEM-PLS. The results of the study show that motivation has a significant positive effect on turnover intention through job satisfaction; The variable job satisfaction mediates motivation on turnover intentions. Then for compensation has a significant positive effect on turnover intention through job satisfaction; Variable of job satisfaction mediates compensation to turnover intention. Likewise, the effect of workload on turnover intention through job satisfaction as an intervening.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Abelson, M. A. 2007. Examination of Avoidable and Unavoidable Turnover. Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 72, Issue 3, pp. 382-386.
Amitai, A. and Van Houtte, M. 2022. Being Pushed Out of the Career: Former Teachers' Reasons for Leaving the Profession. Teaching and Teacher Education, 110, Article 103540. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2021.103540.
Apriliyani, Sofi and Meilani, Rini Intansari. 2021. A Case Study on Compensation System of Contract-Based Temporary Teachers in Indonesia. Jurnal Pendidikan Manajemen Perkantoran, Vol. 6, No. 2, pp. 177-190.
Blomeke, S., Houang, R. T., Hsieh, F.-J., and Wang, T.-Y. 2017. Effects of Job Motives, Teacher Knowledge, and School Context on Beginning Teachers' Commitment to Stay in the Profession. In M. Akiba, and G. K. LeTendre (Eds.), International Handbook of Teacher Quality and Policy. Routledge. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315710068.
Butler, R. 2012. Striving to Connect: Extending an Achievement Goal Approach to Teacher Motivation to Include Relational Goals for Teaching. Journal of Educational Psychology, Vol. 104, pp.726–742. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0028613.
Carver-Thomas, D. and Darling-Hammond, L. 2017. Teacher Turnover: Why It Matters and What We Can Do About It. Palo Alto, CA: Learning Policy Institute. at https://learningpolicyinstitute.org/product/teacher-turnover.
Chin, W. W. 2000. Partial Least Squares for Researcher: An Overview and Presentation of Recent Advances Using the PLS Approach. http://disc-nt.cba.uh.edu/chin/icis96.pdf.
Dessler, Gary. 2015. Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia. Jakarta: Salemba Empat.
Dörnyei, Z. and Ushioda, E. 2011. Teaching and Researching Motivation (2nd ed.). New York, NY: Longman.
Ekabu, P. K., Kalai, J. M., and Nyagah, G. 2018. Influence of Working Conditions on Turnover Intentions of Secondary School Teachers in Meru County. European Scientific Journal, Vol. 14, Issue 25, pp. 169-189.
Findlay, P. and Thompson, P. 2017. Contemporary Work: Its Meanings and Demands. Journal of Industrial Relations, Vol. 59, Issue 2, pp. 122–138.
Ghozali, I. H. 2018. Aplikasi Analisis Multivariate dengan Program IBM SPSS 25 (9th ed). Semarang: Badan Penerbit Universitas Diponegoro.
Grant, B. F., Chou, S. P., Saha, T. D., Pickering, R. P., Kerridge, B. T., Ruan, W. J., Huang, B., Jung, J., Zhang, H., Fan, A., and Hasin, D. S. 2017. Prevalence of 12-Month Alcohol Use, High-Risk Drinking, and DSM-IV Alcohol Use Disorder in the United States, 2001-2002 to 2012-2013: Results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions. JAMA Psychiatry, 74(9), pp. 911–923. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2017.2161.
Hair, Joseph E. 2014. A Primer on Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). SAGE Publication, Inc. California.
USA.
Han, J., Yin, H., and Wang, W. 2016. Exploring the Relationship between Goal Orientations for Teaching of Tertiary Teachers and Their Teaching Approaches in China. Asia Pacific Education Review, 16, pp. 1–11.
Hartoko, D. 1988. Strategi Kebudayaan / C.A. van Peursen; Penerjemah: Dick Hartoko.
Hasibuan, M. S. 2010. Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia (Revisi ed.). Jakarta: PT. Bumi Aksara.
Hoonakker, P., Carayon, P., and Korunka, C. 2013. Using the Job-Demands-Resources Model to Predict Turnover in the Information Technology Workforce E General Effects and Gender. Horizons of Psychology, 22, 51e65. DOI: https://doi.org/10.20419/2013.22.373.
Howe, J. 2004. Nine 'til Three? Not Likely! A Study of Teachers' Workload. QTU Professional Magazine, pp. 18–21.
Ingersoll, R. M. 2001. Teacher Turnover and Teacher Shortages: An Organizational Analysis. American Educational Research Journal, Vol. 38, Issue 3, pp. 499e534. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3102/00028312038003499.
Irsyadi, M. T. and Djamil, M. 2023. The Effect of Work Stress and Work-Family Conflict on Turnover Intention with Job Satisfaction as an Intervening Variable. Dinasti International Journal of Digital Business Management (DIJDBM), 4(4), pp. 1–18. DOI: https://doi.org/doi.org/10.31933/dijdbm.v4i4.
Kim, J. 2015. What Increases Public Employees' Turnover Intention?. Public Personnel Management, Vol. 44, Issue 4, pp. 496-519.
Koesomowidjojo, Suci. 2017. Panduan Praktis Menyusun Analisis Beban Kerja. Jakarta: Raih Asa Sukses.
Kuvaas, B., Buch, R., Weibel, A., Dysvik, A., and Nerstad, C. G. L. 2017. Do Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation Relate Differently to Employee Outcomes?. J. Econ. Psychol, 61, pp. 244–258.
Larkin, I. M., Brantley-Dias, L., and Lokey-Vega, A. 2016. Job Satisfaction, Organizational Commitment, and Turnover Intention of Online Teachers in the K-12 Setting. Online Learning, Vol. 20, Issue 3, pp.26–51.
Locke, E. A. 1976. The Nature and Causes of Job Satisfaction. In Handbook of Industrial and Organizational Psychology. Chicago: Ran McNally.
Madigan, D. J. and Kim, L. E. 2021. Towards an Understanding of Teacher Attrition: A Meta-Analysis of Burnout, Job Satisfaction, and Teachers' Intentions to Quit. Teaching and Teacher Education, 105, pp. 103425.
Mahmood, K., Ghaffar, A., Ullah, M. I., and Zaman, A. 2022. Job Stress and Turnover Intentions among School Teachers of Punjab Pakistan. Multicultural Education, Volume 8, Issue 9, pp.78-89. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7178618.
McGrath-Champ, S., Wilson, R., Stacey, M., and Fitzgerald, S. 2018. Understanding Work in Schools: The Foundation for Teaching and Learning. NSW Teachers Federation. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/21926.
Menteri Pendidikan Nasional. 2011. Peraturan Menteri Pendidikan Nasional Republik Indonesia Nomor 7 tahun 2011 tentang Honorarium Guru Bantu.
Mensah, J. P., NtimAdjei, L., and Agyei, A. 2017. Effect of Compensation on Basic School Teachers' Job Satisfaction in the Northern Zone: The Case of Ghana. Global Journal of Management and Business Research, Volume 17, Issue 3, pp. 51-59.
Miao, S., Rhee, J., and Jun, I. 2020. How Much Does Extrinsic Motivation or Intrinsic Motivation Affect Job Engagement or Turnover Intention? A Comparison Study in China. Sustainability, 12(9), pp. 3630. MDPI AG. Retrieved from DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12093630.
Mobley, W. H., Horner, S. O., and Hollingsworth, A. T. 1978. An Evaluation of Precursors of Hospital Employee Turnover. Journal of Applied Psychology, 63(4), pp. 408–414. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.63.4.408.
Moore-Johnson, S., Kraft, M., and Papay, J. 2012. How Context Matters in High-Need Schools: The Effects of Teachers' Working Conditions on Their Professional Satisfaction and Their Students' Achievement. Teachers College Record, 114(10), pp. 1e39.
Mostafa, Tarek and Pál, Judit. 2018. Science Teachers' Satisfaction: Evidence from the PISA 2015 Teacher Survey. OECD Education Working Papers No. 168. 2 February 2018. https://dx.doi.org/10.1787/1ecdb4e3-en.
Nawawi, Hadari. 2008. Perencanaan Sumber Daya Manusia. Yogyakarta: Gajah Mada University Press.
Ngabiyanto, Kameo, D. D., Wiloso, P. G., and Ismanto, B. 2019. The Dynamics of Public Policy for Non-Permanent Teachers in Semarang, Indonesia. Politik Indonesia: Indonesian Political Science Review, 4(2), July 2019, pp. 233-254. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15294/ipsr.v4i2.17213.
Notoatmodjo, Soekidjo. 2009. Development of Human Resources. Jakarta: PT. Rineka Cipta.
Ololube, N. P. (2004). Professionalism: An Institutional Approach to Teachers' Job Effectiveness in Nigerian Schools [Paper Presentation]. Seventh International LLinE Conference, Helsinki, Finland.
Parashakti. 2017. The Effect of Compensation and Organization Commitment towards Turnover Intention. Case Study in ILC (International Language Center) Jakarta. Advance in Intelligent Systems Research, Vol. 131, pp. 117-127. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2991/icoi-17.2017.19.
Park, K. A. and Johnson, K. R. 2019. Job Satisfaction, Work Engagement, and Turnover Intention of CTE Health Science Teachers. International Journal for Research in Vocational Education and Training, 6(3), pp. 224-242.
Poeh, Godlif C. and Soehari, Tjiptogoro D. 2017. Pengaruh Komitmen Organisasi, Kepuasan Kerja dan Stres Kerja terhadap Turnover Intention Guru Sekolah X di Tangerang. Jurnal SWOT, Vol. 7, No. 2, pp. 224-238.
Purwanto, E. W. 2020. Pembangunan Akses Air Bersih Pasca Krisis Covid-19. Jurnal Perencanaan Pembangunan: The Indonesian Journal of Development Planning, 4(2), pp. 207–214. DOI: https://doi.org/doi.org/10.36574/jpp.v4i2.111.
Rahman, A. and Syahrizal. 2019. Effect of Compensation and Career Development on Turnover Intention: Job Satisfaction as a Mediation Variable. 64(2018), pp. 471–477.
Rivai, V. 2008. Human Resource Management for Companies. Jakarta, PT. Raja Grafindo Persada.
Sastrohadiwiryo, S. B. 2005. Manajemen Tenaga Kerja Indonesia, Pendekatan Administratif dan Operasional. Jakarta: Bumi Aksara.
Seymour G. B., Taylor, J. D., and Tucker, G. A. 1993. Biochemistry of Fruit Ripening. Chapman and Hall London, UK. Pp. 107-135.
Skaalvik, E. M. and Skaalvik, S. 2017. Still Motivated to Teach? A Study of School Context Variables, Stress and Job Satisfaction among Teachers in Senior High School. Social Psychology of Education, 20, pp. 15e37. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11218-016-9363-9.
Smith, P. C., Kendall, L. M., and Hulin, C. L. 1969. The Measurement of Satisfaction in Work and Retirement: A Strategy for the Study of Attitudes. Skokie, IL: Rand-McNally.
Stacey, M., Wilson, R., and McGrath-Champ, S. 2020. Triage in Teaching: The Nature and Impact of Workload in Schools. Asia Pacific Journal of Education. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/02188791.2020.1777938.
Strath, A. 2004. Teacher Policy Reforms in Sweden: The Case of Individualized Pay. IIEP, UNESCO.
Sugiyono. 2018. Metode Penelitian Manajemen: Pendekatan Kuantitatif, Kualitatif, Mixed Methods, Action Research, Penelitian Evaluasi. Edisi 6, Bandung: CV. Alfabeta.
Syahrum and Salim. 2012. Buku Metodologi Penelitian Kuantitatif. http://repository.uinsu.ac.id/553/1/METODOLOGI PENELITIAN KUANTITATIF.pdf.
Toropova, A., Myrberg, E., and Johansson, S. 2021. Teacher Job Satisfaction: The Importance of School Working Conditions and Teacher Characteristics. Educational Review, 73(1), pp. 71e97. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00131911.2019.1705247.
Van Droogenbroeck, F. and Spruyt, B. 2015. Do Teachers Have Worse Mental Health? Review of the Existing Comparative Research and Results from the Belgian Health Interview Survey. Teaching and Teacher Education, 2015, 51, pp. 88-100.
Vizano, N., Utami, W., and Johanes, S. 2021. Influence of Compensation and Career on Organizational Culture. Utopía y Praxis Latinoamericana, 26(1).
Williams, M. and Burden, R. 1997. Motivation in Language Learning : A Social Constructivist Approach. Les Cahiers de l’APLIUT, 16(3), pp. 19–27.
Wijayanti, Dian. 2013. Pengaruh Kepuasan Gaji, Kepuasan Kerja dan Komitmen Organisasi terhadap Turnover Intention Guru PAUD. Tesis. Program Pascasarjana. Universitas Kristen Satya Wacana Salatiga.
Zhang, Y., Zhang, B., and Yang, N. 2022. Characteristics of Temperature and Humidity Inversions Based on High-Resolution Radiosonde Observations at Three Arctic Stations. Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology, 61, pp. 415–428. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1175/JAMC-D-21-0054.1.
Zulkarnain, Z. I. T., Johari, J., and Tan, F. Y. 2018. Autonomy, Workload, Work-Life Balance and Job Performance among Teachers. International Journal of Educational Management, Volume 32, Issue 1, pp. 107-120. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/IJEM-10-2016-0226.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.jam.2023.021.04.18
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.