HOW TO INCREASE EMPLOYEE SATISFACTION IN THE BANKING SECTOR

Noermijati Noermijati, Ema Zahra Firdaus, Taufiqurrahman Taufiqurrahman

Abstract


This study was conducted to determine the mediating role of job burnout and the moderating role of equity compensation on the effect of job demand on employee satisfaction. The study was conducted on 131 employees of Bank X in Malang by using Partial Least Square (PLS) analysis. The results showed that job demand had a significant direct effect on job burnout and employee satisfaction, while job burnout had no impact. On the other hand, job burnout does not play a mediating role, and equity compensation does not play a role in moderating the effect of job demand on employee satisfaction. This study places job burnout as a mediating variable and equity compensation as a moderating variable on the effect of job demand on employee satisfaction. An essential finding of this study is that the hypothesized mediating and moderating roles were not proven. It is necessary to pay special attention to the job demand/ demands imposed on employees to affect employee satisfaction positively. Physical demand is something that needs to be considered. When employees feel burdened and unable to meet the given physical demands, employees may experience job burnout which is indicated by the loss of enthusiasm from employees at work.


Keywords


Job Demand; Employee Satisfaction; Job Burnout; Equity Compensation

Full Text:

PDF

References


Abdulla, J., Djebarni, R., and Mellahi, K. 2011. Determinants of job satisfaction in the UAE. Personnel Review. 40. 126-146. 10.1108/00483481111095555.

Adil, M. S. and Baig, M. 2018. Impact of Job Demands-Resources Model on Burnout and Employee's Well-Being: Evidence from The Pharmaceutical Organisations Of Karachi. IIMB Management Review, 30(2), 119–133. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iimb.2018.01.004.

Alarcon, G. M. 2011. A Meta-Analysis of Burnout with Job Demands, Resources, and Attitudes. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 79(2), 549–562. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2011.03.007.

Alif, A. 2015. Pengaruh Motivasi Kerja, Pengembangan Karir dan Lingkungan Kerja Terhadap Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) dengan Kepuasan Kerja Sebagai Variabel Intervening pada Perusahaan Terminal Lpg. MIX: Jurnal Ilmiah Manajemen, 5(2), 152573.

Armstrong, M. and Taylor, S. 2014. A Handbook of Human Resource Management Practice. Kogan Page Publishers.

Aro, K. S. and Upadyaya, K. 2018. Role of Demands-Resources in Work Engagement and Burnout in Different Career Stages. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 108, 190–200. https://doi.org/doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2018.08.002.

Babakus, E., Yavas, U., and Ashill, N. J. 2009. The Role of Customer Orientation as a Moderator of the Job Demand-Burnout-Performance Relationship: A Surface-Level Trait Perspective. Journal of Retailing, 85(4), 480–492. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretai.2009.07.001.

Bakker, A. B. and Demerouti, E. 2007. The Job Demands-Resources Model: State of The Art. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 22(3), 309–328. https://doi.org/10.1108/02683940710733115.

Bakker, A. B., Demerouti, E., and Sanz-Vergel, A. I. 2014. Burnout and Work Engagement: The JD–R Approach. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 1(1), 389–411. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-031413-091235.

Bakker, A. B., Demerouti, E., and Verbeke, W. 2004. Using The Job Demands-Resources Model to Predict Burnout and Performance. Human Resource Management, 43(1), 83–104. https://doi.org/10.1002/hrm.20004.

Bakker, A. B., Hakanen, J. J., Demerouti, E., and Xanthopoulou, D. 2007. Job Resources Boost Work Engagement, Particularly when Job Demands are High. Journal of Educational Psychology, 99(2), 274–284. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0663.99.2.274.

Boles, J. S., Dean, D. H., Ricks, J. M., Short, J. C., and Wang, G. 2000. The Dimensionality of the Maslach Burnout Inventory across Small Business Owners and Educators. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 56(1), 12–34. https://doi.org/10.1006/jvbe.1999.1689.

Chen, S. C. and Chen, C. F. 2018. Antecedents and Consequences of Nurses' Burnout: Leadership Effectiveness and Emotional Intelligence as Moderators. Management Decision, 56(4), 777–792. https://doi.org/10.1108/MD-10-2016-0694.

Demerouti, E., Bakker, A. B., Vardakou, I., and Kantas, A. 2003. The Convergent Validity of Two Burnout Instruments: A Multitrait-Multimethod Analysis. European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 19(1), 12–23. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1027//1015-5759.19.1.12.

Demerouti, E., Mostert, K., and Bakker, A. B. 2010. Burnout and Work Engagement: A Thorough Investigation of the Independency of Both Constructs. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 15(3), 209–222. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0019408.

Demerouti, E., Nachreiner, F., Bakker, A. B., and Schaufeli, W. B. 2001. The Job Demands-Resources Model of Burnout. Journal of Applied Psychology, 86(3), 499–512. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.86.3.499.

Dessler, G. 2020. Human Resource Management (Sixteenth). Pearson.

Evers, A. T., Yamkovenko, B., and Van Amersfoort, D. 2017. How to Keep Teachers Healthy and Growing: The Influence of Job Demands and Resources. European Journal of Training and Development, 41(8), 670–686. https://doi.org/10.1108/EJTD-03-2017-0018.

Ghozali, I. 2008. Structural Equation Modeling Metode Alternatif dengan Partial Least Square (PLS). Badan Penerbit Undip Semarang.

Hair, J. F. J., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., and Anderson, R. E. 2017. Multivariate Data Analysis (MVDA). In Pharmaceutical Quality by Design: A Practical Approach. Pearson Education Limited. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118895238.ch8.

Hakanen, J. J., Schaufeli, W. B., and Ahola, K. 2008. The Job Demands-Resources Model: A Three-Year Cross-Lagged Study of Burnout, Depression, Commitment, and Work Engagement. Work and Stress, 22(3), 224–241. https://doi.org/10.1080/02678370802379432.

Halbesleben, J. R. B. 2006. Sources of Social Support and Burnout: A Meta-Analytic Test of The Conservation of Resources Model. Journal of Applied Psychology, 91(5), 1134–1145. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.91.5.1134.

Happell, B., Martin, T., and Pinikahana, J. 2003. Burnout and Job Satisfaction: A Comparative Study of Psychiatric Nurses from Forensic and A Mainstream Mental Health Service. International Journal of Mental Health Nursing, 12(1), 39–47. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-0979.2003.00267.x.

Hernandez, W., Yanchus, N. J., and Osatuke, K. 2018. Evolving The JD-R Model: The Moderating Effects of Job Resources and Burnout Taxonomies. Organization Development Journal, 36(1), 31–53.

Hobfoll, S. E., and Freedy, J. 1993. Conservation of Resources: A General Stress Theory Applied to Burnout. In Professional burnout: Recent developments in theory and practice (pp. 115–133).

Jackson, S. E., Schuler, R. S., and Werner, S. 2011. Pengelolaan Sumber Daya Manusia 2, Edisi Kesepuluh, terjemahan. Jakarta: Salemba Empat.

Jayarathna, S. M. D. Y. 2017. A Conceptual Model Of Job Burnout And Work Social Support. Kelaniya Journal of Human Resource Management, 12(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.4038/kjhrm.v12i1.39.

Karanika-Murray, M., Michaelides, G., and Wood, S. J. 2017. Job Demands, Job Control, Psychological Climate, and Job Satisfaction: A Cognitive Dissonance Perspective. Journal of Organizational Effectiveness, 4(3), 238–255. https://doi.org/10.1108/JOEPP-02-2017-0012.

Karasek, R. 1998. Demand/Control Model : A Social, Emotional, and Physiological Approach to Stress Risk and Active Behaviour Development. In Encyclopaedia of Occupational Health and Safety, International Labour Office (4th ed, pp. 34.6-34.14). International Labour Office.

Karasek, R. and Theorell, T. 1990. Healthy Work: Stress, Productivity and The Reconstruction of Working Life. Basic Books, Inc.

Kim, W. H., Ra, Y. A., Park, J. G., and Kwon, B. 2017. Role of Burnout on Job Level, Job Satisfaction, and Task Performance. Leadership and Organization Development Journal, 38(5), 630–645. https://doi.org/10.1108/LODJ-11-2015-0249.

Kreitner, R. and Kinicki, A. 2014. Organizational Behavioral (Fifth Edit). Mcgraw-Hill.

Lizano, E. L. and Mor Barak, M. E. 2012. Workplace Demands and Resources as Antecedents of Job Burnout among Public Child Welfare Workers: A Longitudinal Study. Children and Youth Services Review, 34(9), 1769–1776. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2012.02.006.

Lu, L., Lin, H. Y., Lu, C. Q., and Siu, O. L. 2015. The Moderating Role of Intrinsic Work Value Orientation on The Dual-Process of Job Demands and Resources among Chinese Employees. International Journal of Workplace Health Management, 8(2), 78–91. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJWHM-11-2013-0045.

Luthans, F. 2011. Organizational Behavior : An Evidence-Based Approach (12th ed.). McGraw-Hill/Irwin.

Maslach, C., Schaufeli, W. B., and Leiter, M. P. 2001. Job Burnout. Encyclopedia of Mental Health: Second Edition, 52, 397–422. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-397045-9.00149-X.

Maslach, C. and Leiter, M. P. 2008. Early Predictors of Job Burnout and Engagement. Journal of Applied Psychology, 93(3), 498–512. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.93.3.498.

McGregor, A., Magee, C. A., Caputi, P., and Iverson, D. 2016. A Job Demands-Resources Approach to Presenteeism. Career Development International, 21(4), 402–418. https://doi.org/10.1108/CDI-01-2016-0002.

Montgomery, A., Spânu, F., Bəban, A., and Panagopoulou, E. 2015. Job Demands, Burnout, and Engagement Among Nurses: A Multi-Level Analysis of ORCAB Data Investigating The Moderating Effect of Teamwork. Burnout Research, 2(2–3), 71–79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.burn.2015.06.001.

Nauman, S., Raja, U., Haq, I. U., and Bilal, W. 2019. Job Demand and Employee Well-Being: A Moderated Mediation Model of Emotional Intelligence and Surface Acting. Personnel Review, 48(5), 1150–1168. https://doi.org/10.1108/PR-04-2018-0127.

Noermijati, N., Adi, A. N., Firdaus, E. Z., and Masterizki, H. G. 2020. Job Satisfaction as a Mediation Role and Spiritual Intelligence as a Moderation Effect to Compensational Justice to The Government Banking Employees Performance in Malang City. Palarch's Journal of Archaeology of Egypt / Egyptology, 17(3), 236–257.

Pines, A. M. and Keinan, G. 2005. Stress And Burnout: The Significant Difference. Personality and Individual Differences, 39(3), 625–635. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2005.02.009.

Rivai, V. and Sagala, E. J. 2010. Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia Untuk Perusahaan. PT. Raja Grafindo Persada.

Robert, A. and Karasek, J. 1979. Job Demands, Job Decision Latitude, and Mental Strain: Implication for Job Redesign. Administrative Science Quarterly, 24(2), 285–308.

Schaufeli, W. B. and Bakker, A. B. 2004. Job Demands, Job Resources, and Their Relationship with Burnout and Engagement: A Multi-Sample Study. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 25(3), 293–315. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.248.

Schaufeli, W., Leiter, M., Maslach, C. and Jackson, S. 1996. Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey. In: Maslach, C., Jackson, S.E. and Leiter, M.P., Eds., The Maslach Burnout Inventory: Test Manual, Consulting Psychologists Press, Palo Alto, CA.

Soelton, M., Noermijati, N., Rohman, F., Puspaningrum, A., and Yuniarinto, A. 2020. Burnouts didn't Happen in Individuals that have a Strong Self Efficacy. 17(6), 4238–4251.

Stringer, C., Didham, J., and Theivananthampillai, P. 2011. Motivation, pay satisfaction, and job satisfaction of front-line employees. Qualitative Research in Accounting & Management. 8. 161-179. 10.1108/11766091111137564.

Van Veldhoven, M., Prins, J., Van der Laken, P., and Dijkstra, L. 2015. QEEW2.0: 42 short scales for survey research on work, well-being and performance.

Xanthopoulou, D., Bakker, A. B., Dollard, M. F., Demerouti, E., Schaufeli, W. B., Taris, T. W., and Schreurs, P. J. G. 2007. When do Job Demands Particularly Predict Burnout? The Moderating Role of Job Resources. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 22(8), 766–786. https://doi.org/10.1108/02683940710837714.

Yener, M. and Coşkun, Ö. 2013. Using Job Resources and Job Demands in Predicting Burnout. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 99, 869–876. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.10.559.




DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.jam.2022.020.02.03

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.